Abdullah Ansari

Khwaja Abdullah Ansari al-Harawi (born 2 Sha'ban 396 AH / 4 May 1006 CE; died, by the traditional account, on Friday 22 Dhu al-Hijja 481 AH / 8 March 1089 CE) was a leading scholar of Herat, a city in the eastern Islamic region of Khurasan (today in western Afghanistan). Tradition counts him a descendant of a Companion of the Prophet, Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, and he became known by the honorific "Pir-i Herat" — Persian for "the Elder (or Sage) of Herat."

He was many things at once: a commentator on the Qur'an, a traditionist (collector and transmitter of hadith, the reports of the Prophet's words and deeds), a poet in both Persian and Arabic, and a Sufi — a practitioner of Islam's contemplative, inward path. In law he followed the Hanbali madhhab (one of the four Sunni schools of jurisprudence) and, by report, opposed the theology of the Ash'ari school; the sources record that his outspokenness led to his being banished from Herat more than once. These doctrinal disputes are presented here as positions held by rival camps, not as settled questions.

He is best remembered for two works: the Munajat ("Intimate Conversations" or litanies addressed to God), a touchstone of early Persian devotional prose, and the Arabic Manazil al-sa'irin ("Stations of the Wayfarers"), a concise map of the soul's stages toward God that later scholars, including Ibn al-Qayyim, took as a base for major commentaries. His shrine at Gazurgah near Herat, built later under the Timurids, became a pilgrimage site.