Pope Alexander II
?–1073 CE · Milan
Anselm of Baggio, a Milanese cleric and bishop of Lucca, was tied to the Pataria, the popular reform movement against married and simoniac clergy in Milan. Elected Alexander II in 1061 by the cardinal-bishops under the new decree, he faced a rival, the imperially backed antipope Honorius II, before prevailing. His twelve-year reign consolidated the reform: he supported the Pataria, sanctioned the Norman invasion of England with a papal banner, and patronized the rise of Hildebrand. His pontificate set the stage for the open confrontation between papacy and empire that would erupt under his successor over lay investiture.
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MilanItaly
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About Milan
Milan, in the Po plain of northern Italy, is the capital of Lombardy and the country's economic centre. As Roman Mediolanum it served as a capital of the Western Roman Empire from the late third century until 402, and in 313 Constantine issued the Edict of Milan there, granting toleration to Christians and others. Its bishop Ambrose (374-397), the city's patron saint, baptised Augustine. Under the Visconti and Sforza dukes it became a leading Renaissance city, where Leonardo da Vinci worked at court and painted the Last Supper; Spanish and then Austrian rule followed. Jews were expelled in the sixteenth century, but a community re-formed in the nineteenth and opened the city's central synagogue in 1892.
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