Pope St. Celestine I
?–432 CE · Naples
Celestine I played a major role in the Nestorian controversy. When Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople, questioned calling Mary 'Theotokos' (God-bearer), Celestine held a Roman synod condemning him in 430 and authorized Cyril of Alexandria to act, contributing to the Council of Ephesus (431) that affirmed the title and deposed Nestorius. He firmly opposed Pelagianism and is traditionally credited with sending Palladius—and connected in tradition to Patrick—as missionaries to the Irish and British. His pontificate exemplifies Rome acting decisively in Eastern doctrinal affairs in concert with Alexandria.
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NaplesנאפוליItaly
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About Naples
Naples, capital of the Campania region in southern Italy, began as a Greek settlement, refounded as Neapolis in the sixth century BCE. Tradition places Virgil's tomb in the city; papyri of the Epicurean Philodemus, recovered from the Villa of the Papyri at nearby Herculaneum, are kept in its National Library. Frederick II founded its university in 1224, where Thomas Aquinas studied and later taught. From the late thirteenth century until 1816 it was capital of the Kingdom of Naples and an important Catholic see. Its Jewish community dates back to Roman times; after the 1492 expulsion from Spain, Isaac Abarbanel served its king until the French took the city in 1495, and Jews had left Naples by 1541.
In the same place & time
Sages whose lives overlapped with Pope St. Celestine I’s in the same cities, drawn from their recorded journeys.
Across the traditions
In the same tradition
Pope Leo the Great, Pope St. Sixtus III, Pope St. Boniface I
The world in their lifetime
Thinkers and teachers of other traditions whose lives overlapped with Pope St. Celestine I’s — a glimpse of the wider world they lived in. Drawn purely from recorded birth and death years.
Works
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