Pope Gregory XII
1326 CE–1417 CE · Venice
Born Angelo Correr in Venice, Gregory XII was the last Roman-line pope of the Western Schism and a figure of singular significance for its resolution. Elected on a pledge to abdicate if his Avignon rival would do likewise, he repeatedly delayed, and cardinals from both obediences convened the Council of Pisa, which deposed both and elected a third claimant, deepening the crisis. The Council of Constance finally untangled it: in 1415 Gregory voluntarily resigned and formally convoked the council, validating its authority. His abdication—the last papal resignation until 2013—cleared the path for the unifying election of Martin V.
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VeniceויניציאהItaly
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About Venice
Venice is a city built on islands in a lagoon of the Adriatic in northeastern Italy, capital of the Veneto region. For about eleven centuries, until Napoleon ended it in 1797, it was an independent republic ruled by doges and grew rich as a maritime trading power; it joined the Kingdom of Italy in 1866. St Mark's Basilica stands at its centre, and since 1451 the city has been the seat of a patriarchate whose holders included three future popes, Pius X, John XXIII and John Paul I. In 1516 the republic confined its Jews to the Ghetto, and the city became a leading centre of Hebrew printing, where Daniel Bomberg issued the first complete printed Babylonian Talmud (1519-1523).
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