Pope John IX
?–900 CE · Tivoli (Tibur)
A Benedictine monk born at Tivoli and ordained by Formosus, John IX was elected amid continuing strife between the Formosan and anti-Formosan factions. He worked to consolidate the rehabilitation of Formosus, convening synods at Rome and Ravenna that confirmed the nullity of the Cadaver Synod, forbade trying a dead pope, and ordered the burning of its acts. He sought to regulate papal elections, requiring imperial presence, and backed Lambert of Spoleto as emperor. He also addressed church affairs in Moravia. His reign represents a deliberate effort to restore legality after years of disorder.
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Tivoli (Tibur)
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About Tivoli (Tibur)
Tivoli, ancient Tibur, is a hill town in Lazio about 30 km northeast of Rome. Absorbed by Rome in 338 BCE, it became a favoured resort with many villas, and the ruins of the Emperor Hadrian's villa nearby are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Pope Simplicius (468-483) was born there; the town came under papal control from 1001, and Pope Pius II built its fortress, the Rocca Pia, in 1461. The Villa d'Este, begun in 1550 for Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este, is also a World Heritage Site, and the Nobel physicist Emilio Segrè was born in Tivoli in 1905.
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