Bnei Yonah
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1678 CE–1712 CE · Acharonim · Vienna
Rabbi Yonah ben Elijah Landsofer (1678-1712) was a Bohemian Talmudist based in Prague, where he spent nearly his entire, short life. Following his father and grandfather, he trained as a professional scribe of Torah scrolls, and the family calling gave rise to the name Landsofer, "country scribe." His scholarly work centered on the Masorah, the received body of rules governing the exact writing of Hebrew biblical texts, and he studied both Talmud and Kabbalah. His teacher Abraham Broda dispatched him to Vienna, together with Moses Hasid, to argue against followers of the Shabbatean movement. Among the writings that appeared under his name are Bnei Yonah, a detailed treatment of the laws of writing a Torah scroll; the responsa collection Me'il Tzedakah; and Kanfei Yonah, novellae on Jewish law. He also left an ethical will.
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Vienna, on the Danube, is the capital of Austria. It grew from the Roman legionary camp of Vindobona, begun around 97 CE, and became the residence of the Habsburg emperors; Ottoman armies besieged it in 1529 and 1683 without taking it. Its university, founded in 1365, is often called the oldest in the German-speaking world, St. Stephen's Cathedral is its principal church, and Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis here. Jews are recorded from the 1190s; in the 13th century Isaac ben Moses, author of Or Zarua, headed its rabbinical court and yeshiva. The community was destroyed in 1420-21 and expelled in 1670, then grew to about 200,000 by the 1920s; some 65,000 Viennese Jews were murdered in the Holocaust.
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Sages whose lives overlapped with Yonah Landsofer’s in the same cities, drawn from their recorded journeys.
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