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christian-councils-heresiesfeatured in 13 works

Pneumatomachianism (Macedonianism)

The Spirit-fighters who denied the third person his full divinity

Pneumatomachianism, also called Macedonianism, denied the full divinity of the Holy Spirit. Its adherents, the Pneumatomachi or "Spirit-fighters," were condemned at the Council of Constantinople in 381. The orthodox response affirmed the Spirit's full divinity within the Trinity, a confession shared across the traditions and expressed in the Creed's profession of the Spirit as Lord and giver of life.

How it traveled

  1. De Spiritu Sancto
    Caesarea (Cappadocia) · 379
    challenges
  2. The Letters
    Caesarea (Cappadocia) · 379
    applies
  3. The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Constantinople
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 381
    challenges
  4. Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen
    Nazianzus · 390
    explains
  5. Select Letters of Saint Gregory Nazianzen
    Nazianzus · 390
    challenges
  6. On the Holy Spirit
    Nyssa · 395
    explains
  7. Against Eunomius
    Nyssa · 395
    challenges
  8. On the Holy Spirit
    Milan · 397
    challenges
  9. Jerome and Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious Men
    Bethlehem · 420
    challenges
  10. The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 439
    explains
  11. The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 450
    explains
  12. The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret
    Cyrrhus · 458
    explains
  13. The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the Great
    Rome · 604
    challenges

Key passages(20)

Against Eunomius — Book II — part 13↗challenges

Against Eunomius · Gregory of Nyssa

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On the Holy Spirit — part 1↗challenges

On the Holy Spirit · Gregory of Nyssa

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On the Holy Spirit — part 5↗explains

On the Holy Spirit · Gregory of Nyssa

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Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen — On Pentecost. — part 3↗challenges

Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen · Gregory of Nazianzus

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The Canons of the Council in Trullo; Often Called The Quinisext Council — The Canons of the Council in Trullo. — Canon XCV.↗applies

The Canons of the Council in Trullo; Often Called The Quinisext Council · The Ecumenical Councils

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The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen — Book IV — Macedonius, after his Rejection from his See, blasphemes against the Holy Spirit; Propagation of his Heresy through the Instrumentality of Marathonius and Others.↗explains

The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen · Sozomen

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The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret — The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret. — Book V — part 6↗challenges

The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret · Theodoret of Cyrus

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The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Constantinople — Canons of the One Hundred and Fifty Fathers who assembled at Constantinople during the Consulate of those Illustrious Men, Flavius Eucherius and Flavius Evagrius on the VII of the Ides of July. — Canon VII.↗challenges

The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Constantinople · The Ecumenical Councils

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De Spiritu Sancto — Against those who say that it is not right to rank the Holy Spirit with the Father and the Son.↗challenges

De Spiritu Sancto · Basil of Caesarea

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De Spiritu Sancto — Proof of the absurdity of the refusal to glorify the Spirit, from the comparison of things glorified in creation.↗challenges

De Spiritu Sancto · Basil of Caesarea

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Jerome and Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious Men — Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious Men. — Faustinus the presbyter.↗challenges

Jerome and Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious Men · Jerome

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On the Holy Spirit — part 3↗challenges

On the Holy Spirit · Gregory of Nyssa

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On the Holy Spirit — part 4↗challenges

On the Holy Spirit · Gregory of Nyssa

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Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen — On Pentecost. — part 1↗challenges

Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen · Gregory of Nazianzus

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The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Constantinople — Canons of the One Hundred and Fifty Fathers who assembled at Constantinople during the Consulate of those Illustrious Men, Flavius Eucherius and Flavius Evagrius on the VII of the Ides of July. — Canon I.↗challenges

The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Constantinople · The Ecumenical Councils

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De Spiritu Sancto — Against those who say that the Holy Ghost is not to be numbered with, but numbered under, the Father and the Son. Wherein moreover there is a summary notice of the faith concerning right sub-numeration.↗challenges

De Spiritu Sancto · Basil of Caesarea

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De Spiritu Sancto — Proof from Scripture that the Spirit is called Lord.↗challenges

De Spiritu Sancto · Basil of Caesarea

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John of Damascus: Exposition of the Orthodox Faith — An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. — Book I — part 3↗challenges

John of Damascus: Exposition of the Orthodox Faith · John of Damascus

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On the Holy Spirit — Book III. — part 5↗challenges

On the Holy Spirit · Ambrose of Milan

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Select Letters of Saint Gregory Nazianzen — Letters on the Apollinarian Controversy. — To Nectarius, Bishop of Constantinople.↗challenges

Select Letters of Saint Gregory Nazianzen · Gregory of Nazianzus

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