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christian-ecclesiology-sacramentsfeatured in 20 works

Real Presence

Christ truly present in the bread and wine — affirmed widely, explained in rival ways

Real Presence is the conviction that Christ is truly and really present in the eucharistic bread and wine. Early witnesses include Ignatius of Antioch, Justin Martyr, and Cyril of Jerusalem. Catholic, Orthodox, Lutheran, and Anglican traditions affirm the presence, but they differ on how to explain it — through transubstantiation, sacramental union, and other accounts — while Reformed and memorialist traditions understand the Supper quite differently.

How it traveled

  1. 1 Corinthians
    Ephesus · 67
    explains
  2. John
    Ephesus · 100
    explains
  3. The First Apology
    Rome · 165
    explains
  4. The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril
    Jerusalem · 386
    explains
  5. The Great Catechism
    Nyssa · 395
    explains
  6. On the Mysteries
    Milan · 397
    explains
  7. On the Holy Spirit
    Milan · 397
    explains
  8. Homilies on First Corinthians
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  9. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Epistle to the Hebrews
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  10. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  11. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  12. Treatise Concerning the Christian Priesthood
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  13. Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. John
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  14. Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  15. The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret
    Cyrrhus · 458
    explains
  16. The Letters and Sermons of Leo the Great
    Rome · 461
    explains
  17. Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90)
    Paris · 1274
    explains
  18. An Invitation to Holy Communion
    Zwolle · 1471
    explains
  19. Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic Church
    Geneva · 1564
    explains
  20. Inquiry Concerning Qualification for Communion
    Northampton, Massachusetts · 1758
    explains

Key passages(20)

The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril — On the Mysteries. IV: On the Body and Blood of Christ.↗explains

The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril · Cyril of Jerusalem

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 75 - OF THE CHANGE OF BREAD AND WINE INTO THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 3↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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An Invitation to Holy Communion — The Great Reverence With Which We Should Receive Christ↗explains

An Invitation to Holy Communion · Thomas à Kempis

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 76 - OF THE WAY IN WHICH CHRIST IS IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 1↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 80 - OF THE USE OR RECEIVING OF THIS SACRAMENT IN GENERAL (TWELVE ARTICLES) — part 3↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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An Invitation to Holy Communion — The Body of Christ and Sacred Scripture Are Most Necessary to a Faithful Soul↗explains

An Invitation to Holy Communion · Thomas à Kempis

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An Invitation to Holy Communion — Many Blessings Are Given Those Who Receive Communion Worthily↗explains

An Invitation to Holy Communion · Thomas à Kempis

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Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic Church — CHAPTER 17. - OF THE LORD’S SUPPER, AND THE BENEFITS CONFERRED BY IT — part 11↗challenges

Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic Church · John Calvin

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Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic Church — CHAPTER 17. - OF THE LORD’S SUPPER, AND THE BENEFITS CONFERRED BY IT — part 14↗challenges

Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic Church · John Calvin

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Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic Church — CHAPTER 17. - OF THE LORD’S SUPPER, AND THE BENEFITS CONFERRED BY IT — part 8↗challenges

Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic Church · John Calvin

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Homilies on First Corinthians — Homily XXVII — part 4↗explains

Homilies on First Corinthians · John Chrysostom

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On the Mysteries — Chapter VIII. Of the mystical feast of the altar of the Lord. Lest any should think lightly of it, St. Ambrose shows that it is of higher antiquity than the sacred rites of the Jews, since it was foreshadowed in the sacrifice of Melchisedech, and far better than the manna, as being the Body of Christ.↗explains

On the Mysteries · Ambrose of Milan

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 75 - OF THE CHANGE OF BREAD AND WINE INTO THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 1↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 75 - OF THE CHANGE OF BREAD AND WINE INTO THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 2↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 75 - OF THE CHANGE OF BREAD AND WINE INTO THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 5↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 75 - OF THE CHANGE OF BREAD AND WINE INTO THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 6↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 76 - OF THE WAY IN WHICH CHRIST IS IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 2↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 76 - OF THE WAY IN WHICH CHRIST IS IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 3↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 76 - OF THE WAY IN WHICH CHRIST IS IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 4↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) — Question. 76 - OF THE WAY IN WHICH CHRIST IS IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES) — part 5↗explains

Treatise on the Sacraments (qq[60]-90) · Thomas Aquinas

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