Skip to content
Wellsprings
greek-mathematicsfeatured in 30 works

Ratio & Proportion

A theory of when four magnitudes share 'the same ratio' — rigorous enough to handle even quantities no number could express.

Greek mathematics built a careful theory of ratio and proportion, one that defined when four magnitudes stand 'in the same ratio' — and did so even for incommensurable quantities, without leaning on numbers at all. Its rigorous form is the achievement of Eudoxus of Cnidus (4th century BCE), preserved in Book V of Euclid's Elements. This definition of equal ratios underpins all proportional reasoning in Greek geometry and anticipated the modern rigorous treatment of the real numbers.

How it traveled

  1. Problemata
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  2. Mechanica
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  3. Magna Moralia
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  4. Fragmenta
    Alexandria · -300
    explains
  5. Data
    Alexandria · -265
    explains
  6. Sectio canonis [Sp.]
    Alexandria · -265
    explains
  7. Data (demonstrationes alterae)
    Alexandria · -265
    explains
  8. Optica
    Alexandria · -265
    applies
  9. Arenarius
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -250
    explains
  10. Liber assumptorum
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -240
    explains
  11. De sphaera et cylindro
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -212
    explains
  12. De lineis spiralibus
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -212
    explains
  13. De conoidibus et sphaeroidibus
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -212
    explains
  14. Quadratura parabolae
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -212
    explains
  15. De planorum aequilibriis
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -212
    explains
  16. Ad Eratosthenem methodus
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -212
    explains
  17. De corporibus fluitantibus
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -212
    explains
  18. Dimensio circuli
    Syracuse (Sicily) · -212
    applies
  19. Timaeus
    Formiae · -45
    explains
  20. Adversus Mathematicos
    Alexandria · 190
    explains
  21. Opticorum recensio Theonis
    Alexandria · 370
    explains
  22. Synagoge
    Alexandria
    explains
  23. In Nicomachi Arithmeticam Introductionem
    Apamea
    explains
  24. De utilitate mathematicae
    Smyrna
    explains
  25. Syntaxis mathematica
    Alexandria
    explains
  26. Metrica
    Alexandria
    explains
  27. Commentarii in libros de sphaera et cylindro
    Alexandria
    explains
  28. Scholia in Euclidis Data
    explains
  29. Introductio arithmetica
    Gerasa (Jerash)
    explains
  30. Commentarius in dimensionem circuli
    Alexandria
    explains

Key passages(20)

Fragments & Testimonia · Eudoxus of Cnidus

Very high

Conica · Apollonius of Perga

Very high

Ad Eratosthenem methodus · Archimedes

Very high

Ad Eratosthenem methodus · Archimedes

Very high

Ad Eratosthenem methodus · Archimedes

Very high

Ad Eratosthenem methodus · Archimedes

Very high

Arenarius · Archimedes

Very high

Arenarius · Archimedes

Very high

De conoidibus et sphaeroidibus · Archimedes

Very high

De conoidibus et sphaeroidibus · Archimedes

Very high

De conoidibus et sphaeroidibus · Archimedes

Very high

De conoidibus et sphaeroidibus · Archimedes

Very high

De conoidibus et sphaeroidibus · Archimedes

Very high

De conoidibus et sphaeroidibus · Archimedes

Very high

De conoidibus et sphaeroidibus · Archimedes

Very high

De corporibus fluitantibus · Archimedes

Very high

De corporibus fluitantibus · Archimedes

Very high

De corporibus fluitantibus · Archimedes

Very high

De lineis spiralibus · Archimedes

Very high

De lineis spiralibus · Archimedes

Very high