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hindu-cosmosWe're still mapping where this idea was first discussed. Key passages and related ideas below.

The Four Aims of Life (Puruṣārthas)

A whole-life map: live rightly, prosper, love, and ultimately seek liberation.

Classical Hindu culture frames a balanced human life around four legitimate aims: dharma, living rightly; artha, pursuing prosperity and worldly aims; kāma, enjoying pleasure and love; and mokṣa, seeking final liberation. Far from condemning worldly goals, the scheme dignifies them in their place while ranking liberation as the highest. It gives a remarkably whole-life view of what a person may rightly seek.

Key passages(17)

Brahma-sūtra · Bādarāyaṇa

Very high

Bhagavad-gītā · Vyāsa (Yoga-bhāṣya commentator)

High

Aṣṭāvakra-gītā · Aṣṭāvakra

High

Bhagavad-gītā · Vyāsa (Yoga-bhāṣya commentator)

High

Mīmāṃsā-sūtra · Jaimini

High

Mīmāṃsā-sūtra · Jaimini

High

Kaṭha Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Vivekacūḍāmaṇi · Śaṅkara (traditionally ascribed; authorship doubted)

High

Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Vaiśeṣika-sūtra · Kaṇāda

High

Vaiśeṣika-sūtra · Kaṇāda

High

Chāndogya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Moderate

Kaṭha Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Moderate

Upadeśasāhasrī · Ādi Śaṅkara

Moderate

Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Moderate

Chāndogya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Moderate

Śiva-stotrāvalī · Utpaladeva

Moderate