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The Three Strands (Guṇas: Sattva, Rajas, Tamas)

Clarity, drive, and inertia — three strands woven through everything that changes.

The three guṇas are the basic 'strands' or qualities woven through all of nature: sattva (clarity, balance, light), rajas (energy, drive, restlessness), and tamas (heaviness, inertia, darkness). Every thing and every state of mind is a particular blend of the three, and their constant shifting is what produces change. This Sāṃkhya analysis became common currency far beyond its home school, shaping how the Gītā and much of Hindu thought describe character and the world.

How it traveled

  1. Vivekacūḍāmaṇi
    Śṛṅgeri (Sringeri) · 1400
    explains

Key passages(19)

Bhagavad-gītā · Vyāsa (Yoga-bhāṣya commentator)

Very high

Vivekacūḍāmaṇi · Śaṅkara (traditionally ascribed; authorship doubted)

Very high

Tantrasāra · Abhinavagupta

Very high

Vivekacūḍāmaṇi · Śaṅkara (traditionally ascribed; authorship doubted)

Very high

Gheraṇḍa-saṃhitā · (attributed to Gheraṇḍa)

High

Yoga-sūtra · Patañjali

High

Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Yoga-sūtra · Patañjali

High

Gītārtha-saṃgraha · Yāmunācārya (Ālavandār)

High

Aṣṭāvakra-gītā · Aṣṭāvakra

High

Aṣṭāvakra-gītā · Aṣṭāvakra

High

Upadeśasāhasrī · Ādi Śaṅkara

High

Chāndogya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Haṭhayoga-pradīpikā · Svātmārāma

High

Śiva-stotrāvalī · Utpaladeva

High

Kaṭha Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Moderate

Stotraratna · Yāmunācārya (Ālavandār)

Moderate

Mīmāṃsā-sūtra · Jaimini

Moderate

Upadeśasāhasrī · Ādi Śaṅkara

Moderate