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Wellsprings
hindu-selfWe're still mapping where this idea was first discussed. Key passages and related ideas below.

The Two Levels of Reality (Pāramārthika & Vyāvahārika)

Three grades of the real: the absolute, the everyday-reliable, and the merely-apparent dream.

Advaita resolves the tension between 'only Brahman is real' and the obvious reality of the everyday world by distinguishing levels of reality. From the absolute standpoint, only the non-dual Brahman truly is. From the conventional standpoint of ordinary life, the world and its objects are entirely real and behave reliably — real enough to live and act by. And below that is a third grade: things that are merely apparent, like the snake seen in a rope or objects in a dream, real only while the error lasts. Liberation is the shift to the absolute standpoint, at which the lower grades are seen through.

Key passages(16)

Aṣṭāvakra-gītā · Aṣṭāvakra

High

Paramārthasāra · Abhinavagupta

High

Tantrasāra · Abhinavagupta

High

Vivekacūḍāmaṇi · Śaṅkara (traditionally ascribed; authorship doubted)

High

Aṣṭāvakra-gītā · Aṣṭāvakra

High

Bhagavad-gītā · Vyāsa (Yoga-bhāṣya commentator)

High

Vivekacūḍāmaṇi · Śaṅkara (traditionally ascribed; authorship doubted)

High

Vijñāna-bhairava · Anonymous (Bhairava Āgama / Tantra)

High

Upadeśasāhasrī · Ādi Śaṅkara

High

Upadeśasāhasrī · Ādi Śaṅkara

High

Kaṭha Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Śiva-stotrāvalī · Utpaladeva

High

Śiva-stotrāvalī · Utpaladeva

High

Chāndogya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Moderate

Spanda-kārikā · Bhaṭṭa Kallaṭa

Moderate