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Modern Orthodoxy
The Orthodox stream that integrates traditional halacha with secular education and engagement with the State of Israel — with 19th-century roots in R. Samson Raphael Hirsch's Torah im Derech Eretz, and shaped in its 20th-century American form by R. Joseph Soloveitchik and Yeshiva University.
The Orthodox movement that integrates traditional halachic observance with engagement in secular education, contemporary culture, and the State of Israel. Defining 20c. figures: R. Joseph Soloveitchik (American Modern Orthodoxy), R. Samson Raphael Hirsch (Torah im Derech Eretz, 19c. German), R. Avraham Yitzchak Kook (Religious Zionist Modern Orthodox in Eretz Yisrael). Major American institution: Yeshiva University (Modern Orthodox flagship).
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