Tzidduk HaDin (Graveside Justification of Divine Decree)

A set of biblical verses and rabbinic declarations recited at the graveside immediately after burial, in which mourners and the community formally accept the justice of divine judgment; the Ashkenazi rite opens with Deuteronomy 32:4 and continues through Psalms and Job. Its recitation is suspended on Shabbat, festivals, Rosh Chodesh, Chanukah, and Purim. Developed in the Rhineland-Champagne Ashkenazi school (Rashi milieu, c. 1100) and spread across all European Jewish communities by the medieval period. Sephardic communities adopted a parallel but textually distinct form (attested in Abudarham, 14th-c. Spain). Now nearly universal at Jewish burials worldwide. The Shulchan Arukh (YD 339:3) and Arukh HaShulchan (YD 401) codify its recitation and the occasions when it is omitted.