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Baselבאזל

Switzerland

Basel, on the Rhine in northwestern Switzerland, a bishop's seat since the eighth century, hosted the Council of Basel (1431-1449), and its university, founded in 1460, is the oldest in Switzerland. An early printing centre, the city was home to Erasmus, who died there in 1536; it adopted the Reformation in 1529, and the first edition of Calvin's Institutes was published there in 1536. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Bernoulli family and Leonhard Euler, all natives of the city, made it a centre of mathematics. Its medieval Jewish community was destroyed in the massacre of 1349 during the Black Death; in 1897 Basel hosted the First Zionist Congress, convened by Theodor Herzl, and many later ones.

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