Bernברן

Switzerland

Bern is the federal city and de facto capital of Switzerland, probably founded in 1191 by the dukes of Zähringen. It joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1353 and was chosen as the seat of the federal government in 1848; its old town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The medieval Jewish community suffered persecution: in 1294, on the pretext of a blood-libel accusation, many Jews were executed and the rest expelled. A Jewish community exists in the city today. Albert Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern from 1902 to 1909, the period of his 1905 papers on relativity and the photoelectric effect, and the Bible scholar Yehezkel Kaufmann studied at its university.

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