Caesarea Maritima

Israel

Caesarea Maritima was a port city on the Mediterranean coast of modern Israel. Herod the Great built it around 22-10 BCE on the site of a Phoenician harbour town, and it later became the Roman provincial capital. According to Josephus, a clash beside one of its synagogues helped spark the Jewish revolt of 66 CE, and around 300 CE Rabbi Abbahu headed a rabbinic academy there. It was also an early Christian centre: Origen worked there, and its church library, built up by Pamphilus, served Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea, and drew scholars such as Gregory of Nazianzus. Arab forces took it in 640; it was later a Crusader port until the Mamluks destroyed its defences in 1265.

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