Ceuta

Ceuta (Arabic Sabta), on the North African coast at the Strait of Gibraltar, is today a Spanish autonomous city bordering Morocco, which disputes Spanish sovereignty. Taken by Muslim forces around 710, it became an important port and scholarly town of the medieval Muslim west: the Maliki judge and biographer al-Qadi Iyad (1083-1149), author of al-Shifa, was born there and served as its judge from 1121 to 1136, and the geographer al-Idrisi is believed to have been born there around 1100. The city also had a Jewish community; Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta, the disciple to whom Maimonides addressed his Guide for the Perplexed, took his name from it. Portugal took Ceuta in 1415; it passed formally to Spain in 1668.

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