Philippopolis

Bulgaria

Philippopolis is modern Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second-largest city. A Thracian settlement in origin, it was taken by Philip II of Macedon in the 340s BCE and named after a Philip; Rome incorporated it in 46 CE, also calling it Trimontium, and the Goths sacked it in 250. The miaphysite leader Philoxenus of Mabbug is recorded as having died there in exile in 523. Contested for centuries between Byzantium and Bulgaria, it came under Ottoman rule in the 14th century as Filibe. Sephardic Jews settled there in the 16th and 17th centuries, the community numbered over 2,000 in 1885, and most of its members left after 1948.

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