Pisaפיזה

Italy

Pisa, on the Arno near the Ligurian Sea in Tuscany, central Italy, was one of the Italian maritime republics; its eleventh- and twelfth-century wealth built the cathedral complex of the Piazza del Duomo with its leaning bell tower. The city became an archbishopric in 1092. Pope Eugene III was a Pisan, and Pope Gregory VIII died there in 1187 while trying to reconcile Pisa and Genoa for a crusade. Florence took control of the city in the early fifteenth century. Pisa's university, among the oldest in Italy, educated Galileo Galilei, who was born in the city in 1564 and later held its chair of mathematics. In the early eighteenth century the Livorno-born kabbalist Joseph Ergas founded a yeshiva in Pisa.

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