Ancona

Ancona is an Adriatic port and the capital of the Marche region of central Italy. Greek settlers from Syracuse gave it shape around 387 BCE, and the emperor Trajan enlarged its harbour, where his triumphal arch of 115 CE stands. It became part of the Papal States in 1532. Pope Pius II died there in 1464 while gathering a crusade, and the future Pope Benedict XIV became its bishop in 1727. Its Jewish community, one of the few allowed to remain in the Papal States after 1569, suffered under Paul IV, who confined it to a ghetto in 1555; in 1556 more than twenty Portuguese conversos accused of returning to Judaism were executed. The mathematician Vito Volterra was born there in 1860.

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