Moscow

Moscow, the capital of Russia, is first mentioned in chronicles in 1147. It became the seat of the Russian metropolitans in the fourteenth century and of a patriarchate in 1589, and was the capital until Peter the Great moved the government to St Petersburg in 1712; it became the capital again in 1918. In the early twentieth century it was a centre of the Russian religious-philosophical renaissance associated with Vladimir Solovyov, Sergei Bulgakov and Pavel Florensky. Its Jewish community, restricted under the tsars and largely expelled in 1891-92, grew in the Soviet era and is today the largest in Russia.

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