Pope Theodore I
?–649 CE · Jerusalem
Theodore I, of Greek background and said to be the son of a bishop of Jerusalem, brought an Eastern perspective to a papacy locked in struggle with Constantinople over Monothelitism. A vigorous opponent of the doctrine, he excommunicated the patriarchs Pyrrhus and Paul of Constantinople and demanded the withdrawal of the imperial Ecthesis. He welcomed Eastern monks, including Maximus the Confessor, who reinforced Roman resistance. Theodore prepared the ground for the Lateran Synod of 649, though he died before it convened. His pontificate reflects the deepening doctrinal rift and the prominence of Greek-speaking churchmen in seventh-century Rome.
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JerusalemירושליםJudea
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Jerusalem in this era
In the 6th-7th centuries Jerusalem was a Byzantine Christian city of churches and monasteries. The Persians captured it in 614, Byzantium regained it in 630, and Muslim armies took it in about 637-38.
About Jerusalem
Jerusalem, in the Judean hills, is a sacred city for Jews, Christians and Muslims. In the Hebrew Bible it is King David's capital and the site of Solomon's Temple; the First Temple was destroyed by Babylon in 586 BCE and the Second Temple, rebuilt from about 516 BCE, by Rome in 70 CE. Christians revere it as the place of Jesus's crucifixion and, in their faith, his resurrection; in Islamic tradition it is the destination of the Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey and the first direction of prayer, marked by the Dome of the Rock (691-92) and al-Aqsa Mosque. It was ruled in turn by Rome and Byzantium, by Muslim dynasties from 638, by Crusaders (1099-1187), Ayyubids, Mamluks and Ottomans (1517-1917), and by Britain. Divided between Israel and Jordan from 1948 to 1967, it has since been under Israeli control. Israel regards the city as its capital; Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of a future state; most countries do not recognize sovereignty over the whole city.
In the same place & time
Sages whose lives overlapped with Pope Theodore I’s in the same cities, drawn from their recorded journeys.
In the same tradition
The world in their lifetime
Thinkers and teachers of other traditions whose lives overlapped with Pope Theodore I’s — a glimpse of the wider world they lived in. Drawn purely from recorded birth and death years.
Works
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