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greek-epistemologyfeatured in 30 works

Sophistry

Clever argument aimed at winning rather than at truth — the charge Plato hurled at the paid teachers of persuasion, and the reason "sophistry" is still an insult.

The sophists were traveling professional teachers of rhetoric and 'excellence' in 5th-c. BCE Greece — Protagoras, Gorgias, Hippias, and others — who, for a fee, taught the young how to argue any side of a case. Through Socrates, Plato (4th c. BCE) branded their skill 'sophistry': showy reasoning that chases victory and persuasion instead of real knowledge. Aristotle then catalogued its tricks in his 'Sophistical Refutations.' Whether the historical sophists deserved the smear is still debated, but the polemic fixed 'sophistry' in Western languages as a byword for plausible but fallacious argument.

How it traveled

  1. The First Tetralogy
    Athens · -411
    applies
  2. The Second Tetralogy
    Athens · -411
    applies
  3. On the murder of Herodes
    Athens · -411
    applies
  4. History of the Peloponnesian War
    Athens · -400
    explains
  5. Apology
    Athens · -399
    explains
  6. Ion
    Athens · -394
    applies
  7. Protagoras
    Athens · -385
    explains
  8. Meno
    Athens · -385
    explains
  9. Euthydemus
    Athens · -384
    explains
  10. Against Theomnestus 1
    Athens · -380
    applies
  11. Republic
    Athens · -375
    explains
  12. Lesser Hippias
    Athens · -375
    applies
  13. Phaedrus
    Athens · -370
    explains
  14. Helen
    Athens · -370
    challenges
  15. Theaetetus
    Athens · -369
    challenges
  16. Sophist
    Athens · -360
    explains
  17. Memorabilia
    Athens · -354
    explains
  18. On Hunting
    Athens · -354
    challenges
  19. Against Aristocrates
    Athens · -353
    applies
  20. Exordia
    Athens · -349
    applies
  21. Gorgias
    Athens · -348
    explains
  22. Against Timarchus
    Athens · -346
    explains
  23. On the False Embassy
    Athens · -343
    applies
  24. Panathenaicus
    Athens · -339
    challenges
  25. Antidosis
    Athens · -338
    explains
  26. Against the Sophists
    Athens · -338
    challenges
  27. Rhetoric
    Chalcis · -335
    explains
  28. Against Ctesiphon
    Athens · -330
    explains
  29. On the Crown
    Athens · -330
    explains
  30. De sophisticis elenchis
    Chalcis · -322
    explains

Key passages(20)

Fragments & Testimonia · Protagoras

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.] · Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias

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