Skip to content
Wellsprings
hindu-mindfeatured in 2 works

The Inner Instrument (Antaḥkaraṇa: Manas, Buddhi, Ahaṅkāra)

The mind taken apart: the processor, the decider, and the 'I'-maker — none of them you.

The antaḥkaraṇa is the 'inner instrument' — the toolkit of the mind, analyzed into parts: manas, which gathers and processes the impressions of the senses; buddhi, the intellect that judges and decides; and ahaṅkāra, the ego or 'I-maker' that claims experiences as 'mine.' Crucially, in Vedānta and Yoga none of these is the true self; they are subtle equipment that the witnessing self lights up but is not.

How it traveled

  1. Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad
    Mithilā (kingdom of Videha) · -700
    explains
  2. Bhagavad-gītā
    Kuru-Pañcāla region · -150
    explains

Key passages(20)

Bhagavad-gītā · Vyāsa (Yoga-bhāṣya commentator)

Very high

Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Very high

Bhagavad-gītā · Vyāsa (Yoga-bhāṣya commentator)

High

Kaṭha Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Upadeśasāhasrī · Ādi Śaṅkara

High

Vivekacūḍāmaṇi · Śaṅkara (traditionally ascribed; authorship doubted)

High

Vivekacūḍāmaṇi · Śaṅkara (traditionally ascribed; authorship doubted)

High

Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Kaṭha Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Paramārthasāra · Abhinavagupta

High

Aitareya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Spanda-kārikā · Bhaṭṭa Kallaṭa

High

Vijñāna-bhairava · Anonymous (Bhairava Āgama / Tantra)

High

Aitareya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Chāndogya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Chāndogya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Haṭhayoga-pradīpikā · Svātmārāma

High

Praśna Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Tantrasāra · Abhinavagupta

High

Tarka-saṃgraha · Annaṃbhaṭṭa

High