Claudius Ptolemaeus

Claudius Ptolemy was a Greek-speaking astronomer, mathematician, and geographer of the 2nd century CE who worked at Alexandria. His astronomical treatise, known as the 'Almagest,' presented an Earth-centered model of the heavens that dominated science for over a thousand years, and his 'Geography' systematized the mapping of the known world using coordinates; he also wrote on optics, music, and astrology. His works were foundational for both the medieval Islamic and European scientific traditions.