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greek-historyfeatured in 26 works

Aitia (Cause vs Pretext in History)

Telling a war's deep underlying cause apart from the surface grievances paraded as its excuse.

Aitia means 'cause' or 'responsibility,' and Greek historians turned the act of separating real causes from mere pretexts into a core analytical move. The most famous example is Thucydides (5th c. BCE) on the Peloponnesian War: beneath the complaints both sides aired in public, he named the 'truest cause' (alethestate prophasis) as the growth of Athenian power and the fear it stirred in Sparta. Probing for hidden causes beneath stated reasons became a hallmark of serious historical, and later philosophical, explanation.

How it traveled

  1. On the Causes of Plants
    Athens · -287
    explains
  2. In Hippocratis De victu acutorum
    Rome · 175
    explains
  3. In Hippocratis De natura hominis
    Rome · 175
    explains
  4. Adversus Mathematicos
    Alexandria · 190
    explains
  5. Antiquitates Romanae
    Rome
    explains
  6. Historical Library
    Syracuse (Sicily)
    explains
  7. Fragmenta Logica et Physica
    Athens
    explains
  8. Praeparatio Evangelica
    explains
  9. In Hippocratis Epidemiarum I
    Rome
    explains
  10. Scholia in Iliadem
    explains
  11. Historia Romana
    Rome
    explains
  12. Anonymi In Analyticorum Posteriorum Librum Alterum Commentarium
    explains
  13. De Bellis
    Constantinople (Istanbul)
    explains
  14. De Thucydide
    Rome
    explains
  15. De fato
    Athens
    explains
  16. Orationes
    Prusa
    explains
  17. Orationes 48
    Smyrna
    explains
  18. Scholia in Euripidem (scholia vetera)
    explains
  19. Declamatio 6
    Antioch
    explains
  20. Epistula ad Pompeium Geminum
    Rome
    explains
  21. Scholia in Euripidis Orestem (scholia vetera et scholia recentiora Thomae Magistri, Triclinii, Moschopuli et anonyma)
    explains
  22. De methodo medendi
    Rome
    explains
  23. Historiae
    Rome
    explains
  24. Epitome Rerum Romanorum
    Rome
    explains
  25. Ιστορικον Συντιπα του Φιλοσοφου Ωραιοτατον Πανυ
    explains
  26. Encomium of Helen
    Leontini
    explains

Key passages(20)

Fragments & Testimonia · Thucydides

Very high

Stromata · Clement of Alexandria

Very high

De Thucydide · Dionysius of Halicarnassus

Very high

Adversus Mathematicos · Sextus Empiricus

Very high

Narrationes de Syntipa · Syntipas

Very high

De Thucydide · Dionysius of Halicarnassus

Very high

Epistula ad Pompeium Geminum · Dionysius of Halicarnassus

Very high

In Hippocratis Epidemiarum I · Galen

Very high
Very high

Adversus Mathematicos · Sextus Empiricus

Very high

Ιστορικον Συντιπα του Φιλοσοφου Ωραιοτατον Πανυ · Syntipas

Very high

Fragmenta Logica et Physica · Chrysippus

Very high

Antiquitates Romanae · Dionysius of Halicarnassus

Very high

In Hippocratis De natura hominis · Galen

Very high

In Hippocratis Epidemiarum I · Galen

Very high

Encomium of Helen · Gorgias of Leontini

Very high

De fato · Alexander of Aphrodisias

High

De fato · Alexander of Aphrodisias

High

Orationes 48 · Aelius Aristides

High

Orationes 48 · Aelius Aristides

High