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greek-epistemologyfeatured in 30 works

The Syllogism

Aristotle's engine of valid reasoning: from two granted premises, a conclusion follows of necessity — the first formal logic in history.

The syllogism is Aristotle's (4th c. BCE) form of deductive argument, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from two premises that share a middle term — as in 'All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore Socrates is mortal.' In the 'Prior Analytics,' Aristotle sorted valid argument-forms by figure and mood, creating the first formal system of logic. His syllogistic ruled Western and Arabic logic for some two thousand years, taught as the core of reasoning until the 19th-century rise of modern symbolic logic broadened the field.

How it traveled

  1. Rhetoric
    Chalcis · -335
    explains
  2. Analytica priora
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  3. Topica
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  4. De sophisticis elenchis
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  5. Metaphysics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  6. Nicomachean Ethics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  7. Fragmenta varia
    Athens · -287
    explains
  8. De Inventione
    Formiae · -84
    explains
  9. Topica
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  10. Institutio Oratoria
    Rome · 95
    explains
  11. Discourses
    Nicopolis · 108
    explains
  12. Noctes Atticae
    Rome · 180
    explains
  13. Adversus Mathematicos
    Alexandria · 190
    explains
  14. Pyrrhoniae Hypotyposes
    Alexandria · 210
    explains
  15. Vitae philosophorum
    · 240
    explains
  16. Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael
    Eretz Yisrael (travels) · 250
  17. Sifrei Bamidbar
    Eretz Yisrael (travels) · 250
  18. Sifrei Devarim
    Eretz Yisrael (travels) · 250
  19. Jerusalem Talmud Pesachim
    Tiberias · 400
  20. Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin
    Tiberias · 400
  21. Jerusalem Talmud Yevamot
    Tiberias · 400
  22. Jerusalem Talmud Sotah
    Tiberias · 400
  23. Zevachim
    Sura (Babylonia) · 500
  24. Bava Kamma
    Sura (Babylonia) · 500
  25. Nazir
    Sura (Babylonia) · 500
  26. Chullin
    Sura (Babylonia) · 500
  27. Pesachim
    Sura (Babylonia) · 500
  28. Sanhedrin
    Sura (Babylonia) · 500
  29. Bava Metzia
    Sura (Babylonia) · 500
  30. Yevamot
    Sura (Babylonia) · 500

Key passages(20)

Kuzari 5:12exposition

Kuzari · Yehuda HaLevi (Kuzari) · 1120 CE

Very high

(יב) אָמַר הֶחָבֵר: יִתְבָּאֵר מְצִיאוּת הַנֶּפֶשׁ בִּתְנוּעוֹת וְהַרְגָּשׁוֹת לַחַיִּים, שׁוֹנוֹת מִן הַתְּנוּעוֹת הַיְסוֹדִיּוֹת, וְנִקְרֵאת סִבָּתָם נֶפֶשׁ אוֹ כֹחַ נַפְשִׁי. וְיִתְחַלְּקוּ הַכֹּחו

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Sefer HaIkkarim · Rabbi Yosef Albo · 1425 CE

Very high

ואל הטענה השנית אמרו שלא יתחייב גם כן שמה שלא היה נודע לא יהיה נודע לעולם. כי כבר יודע על ידי הקש, אלא שקודם ההקש היה הדבר ידוע בכח בהקדמות, ועל ידי ההקש שב ידוע בפעל, ושהשכל יגזור שהגעת הידיעה על דרך

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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Akeidat Yitzchak · Yitzchak Aramah · 1455 CE

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*תוכן כוונתו, הנה ידוע כי לכל הקש שכלי משאי יצטרכו שתי הקדמות אשר מהן תצא התולדה, המשל בזה, התולדה "כל אדם מרגיש" יוצאת משתי הקדמות, האחת. "כל אדם חי" והשנית "כל חי מרגיש" ונמשך מזה, כי "כל אדם מרגיש,

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Handbook of Platonism · Alcinous

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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