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islamic-falsafaWe're still mapping where this idea was first discussed. Key passages and related ideas below.

Burhān (Demonstrative Proof)

Apodictic demonstration, the highest form of syllogistic reasoning yielding certain knowledge, prized as philosophy's proper method.

Apodictic demonstration, the highest form of syllogistic reasoning yielding certain knowledge, prized as philosophy's proper method.

Key passages(11)

Mustasfa · al-Ghazali

High

Taqrib Li Hadd Mantiq · Ibn Hazm

High

Ciddat Usul · Shaykh al-Tusi

High

Hidaya Fi Mantiq · Ibn Sina

High

Dar Tacarud · Ibn Taymiyya

High

Talkhis Hass Li Aristu · Ibn Rushd

High

Qada Wa Qadar · Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

High

Qada Wa Qadar · al-Bayhaqi

High

Fasl Maqal · Ibn Rushd

Moderate

Radd Cala Mantiqiyyin · Ibn Taymiyya

Moderate

Macarij Quds · al-Ghazali

Moderate