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Wellsprings
greek-ethicsfeatured in 30 works

Weakness of Will

You know the better course — and take the worse anyway: the ancient puzzle of acting against your own clear judgment.

Akrasia is 'weakness of will' — acting against what you yourself judge to be best, like reaching for the dessert you'd resolved to skip. Socrates (5th century BCE), as Plato portrays him in the Protagoras, provocatively denied it was even possible: no one, he argued, knowingly does wrong, so what looks like weakness is really ignorance. Aristotle (4th century BCE) took the puzzle more seriously in Nicomachean Ethics VII, explaining how passion can override knowledge that is 'present but not active.' The problem has occupied moral philosophers ever since.

How it traveled

  1. History of the Peloponnesian War
    Athens · -400
    explains
  2. Protagoras
    Athens · -385
    redefines
  3. Republic
    Athens · -375
    explains
  4. Lesser Hippias
    Athens · -375
    explains
  5. Phaedrus
    Athens · -370
    explains
  6. Memorabilia
    Athens · -354
    explains
  7. Cyropaedia
    Athens · -354
    explains
  8. Laws
    Athens · -348
    explains
  9. Gorgias
    Athens · -348
    explains
  10. Against Timarchus
    Athens · -346
    explains
  11. Rhetoric
    Chalcis · -335
    explains
  12. Nicomachean Ethics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  13. Eudemian Ethics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  14. Magna Moralia
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  15. Problemata
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  16. Bacchides
    Rome · -195
    explains
  17. Histories
    Megalopolis · -118
    explains
  18. In C. Verrem
    Formiae · -70
    explains
  19. Amores
    Tomis (Constanța) · -20
    explains
  20. Aeneid
    Rome · -19
    explains
  21. Remedia amoris
    Tomis (Constanța) · 1
    explains
  22. Metamorphoses
    Tomis (Constanța) · 8
    explains
  23. Epistulae
    Tomis (Constanța) · 17
    explains
  24. Cebetis tabula
    · 75
    explains
  25. Institutio Oratoria
    Rome · 95
    explains
  26. Discourses
    Nicopolis · 108
    explains
  27. De Virtute Morali
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  28. Antony
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  29. De cohibenda ira
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  30. Quaestiones Convivales
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains

Key passages(20)

In Ethica Nicomachea Paraphrasis (Pseudepigraphum Olim A Constantino Palaeocappa confectum et olim sub auctore Heliodoro Prusensi vel Andronico Rhodio vel Olympiodoro) · Anonymi In Aristotelis Ethica Nicomachea

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Eudemian Ethics · Aristotle

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Eudemian Ethics · Aristotle

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