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greek-ethicsfeatured in 30 works

Moral Progress

The lifelong climb of the 'progressor' who, though not yet wise, advances toward virtue step by step.

Moral progress (prokopē) is the Stoic idea that, since almost no one is a perfect sage, the real ethical life is the steady advance of the prokoptōn — 'one making progress' — toward wisdom. Developed especially by the early Stoa (3rd c. BCE) and dramatized by Roman Stoics like Seneca and Epictetus (1st–2nd c. CE), it placed daily self-examination and small, steady improvement at the heart of philosophy. The notion deeply influenced later traditions of spiritual self-cultivation.

How it traveled

  1. Theages
    Athens · -348
    explains
  2. Histories
    Megalopolis · -118
    explains
  3. de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  4. Discourses
    Nicopolis · 108
    explains
  5. Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  6. De recta ratione audiendi
    Chaeronea · 120
    applies
  7. The Handbook
    Nicopolis · 135
    explains
  8. Ad Se Ipsum
    Vindobona (Vienna) · 170
    explains
  9. Hermotimus
    Samosata · 180
    explains
  10. Avot DeRabbi Natan
    Yavneh · 220
  11. Vitae philosophorum
    · 240
    explains
  12. Duties of the Heart
    Zaragoza (Saragossa) · 1080
  13. Mishneh Torah, Repentance
    Fostat (Old Cairo) · 1180
  14. Guide for the Perplexed
    Cairo · 1190
  15. Sha'arei Teshuvah
    Girona · 1260
  16. Sefer HaIkkarim
    Soria · 1425
  17. Akeidat Yitzchak
    Tarragona · 1490
  18. Avodat HaKodesh (Ibn Gabbai)
    Cairo · 1523
  19. Sha'ar HaGilgulim
    Tzfat · 1570
  20. Sha'arei Kedusha
    Damascus · 1572
  21. Pri Etz Chaim
    Tzfat · 1572
  22. Reshit Chokhmah
    Tzfat · 1575
  23. Ohr HaChammah on Zohar
    Tzfat · 1620
  24. Kalach Pitchei Chokhmah
    Padua · 1730
  25. Da'at Tevunot
    Padua · 1735
  26. Mesillat Yesharim
    Amsterdam · 1738
  27. Derekh Hashem
    Amsterdam · 1740
  28. Mikdash Melekh on Zohar
    Tzfat · 1750
  29. Tanya
    Liadi · 1797
  30. Likutei Moharan
    Breslov (Ukraine) · 1802

Key passages(20)

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Legum Allegoriarum Libri I-III · Philo Judaeus

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus · Plutarch

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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The Handbook · Epictetus

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De propriorum animi cuiuslibet affectuum dignotione et curatione · Galen

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