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greek-ethicsfeatured in 30 works

The Sage

The perfectly wise person — flawless in virtue, free, and untroubled — a near-impossible ideal the Stoics admitted scarcely anyone reaches.

The sage (sophos) is the Greek ideal of the completely wise and good person, who acts rightly in all things and is undisturbed by fortune. The Stoics (3rd c. BCE onward) gave the figure its sharpest form: the sage alone is truly free, rich, and happy, yet so rare as to be almost a regulative ideal — which is why ordinary people are 'progressors' striving toward it. Epicureans and others held their own versions, making the sage the common Hellenistic image of the fully realized human.

How it traveled

  1. Symposium
    Athens · -385
    explains
  2. Republic
    Athens · -375
    explains
  3. Statesman
    Athens · -358
    explains
  4. Memorabilia
    Athens · -354
    explains
  5. To Nicocles
    Athens · -338
    explains
  6. Nicomachean Ethics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  7. Pro L. Murena
    Formiae · -63
    explains
  8. Paradoxa Stoicorum
    Formiae · -46
    explains
  9. Tusculanae Disputationes
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  10. de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  11. De Amicitia
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  12. Lucullus
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  13. De consolatione ad Helviam
    · 42
    explains
  14. Institutio Oratoria
    Rome · 95
    explains
  15. Discourses
    Nicopolis · 108
    explains
  16. De Stoicorum repugnantiis
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  17. De communibus notitiis adversus Stoicos
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  18. Apophthegmata Laconica
    Chaeronea · 120
    applies
  19. Quomodo quis suos in virtute sentiat profectus
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  20. Cato the Younger
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  21. De Alexandri magni fortuna aut virtute
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  22. Phocion
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  23. Compendium argumenti Stoicos absurdiora poetis dicere
    Chaeronea · 120
    explains
  24. The Handbook
    Nicopolis · 135
    explains
  25. Fragments
    Nicopolis · 135
    explains
  26. Ad Se Ipsum
    Vindobona (Vienna) · 170
    explains
  27. Hermotimus
    Samosata · 180
    explains
  28. Noctes Atticae
    Rome · 180
    explains
  29. Adversus Mathematicos
    Alexandria · 190
    explains
  30. Pyrrhoniae Hypotyposes
    Alexandria · 210
    explains

Key passages(20)

Liber de philosophorum sectis (epitome ap. Stobaeum) · Arius Didymus

Very high

Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

Very high

Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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De Abrahamo · Philo Judaeus

Very high

De Stoicorum repugnantiis · Plutarch

Very high

Liber de philosophorum sectis (epitome ap. Stobaeum) · Arius Didymus

Very high

Liber de philosophorum sectis (epitome ap. Stobaeum) · Arius Didymus

Very high

Eclogarum Liber · Ausonius, Decimus Magnus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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Fragmenta Moralia · Chrysippus

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