Skip to content
Wellsprings
greek-ethicsfeatured in 30 works

Pleasure

For Epicurus, the very goal of life and the standard of the good; for the Stoics, a mere 'indifferent' to be set aside.

Pleasure (hēdonē) stood at the center of one of antiquity's great debates about the good life. Epicurus (341–270 BCE) made the absence of bodily pain and mental disturbance (ataraxia) the natural goal of life — a calm, modest pleasure, not indulgence. The earlier Cyrenaics prized momentary bodily pleasure, while Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics each ranked it far below virtue. The argument over pleasure's place in happiness echoes through later hedonist and ascetic traditions alike.

How it traveled

  1. Protagoras
    Athens · -385
    explains
  2. Republic
    Athens · -375
    explains
  3. Phaedrus
    Athens · -370
    explains
  4. Fragmenta
    · -370
    explains
  5. Philebus
    Athens · -355
    explains
  6. Memorabilia
    Athens · -354
    explains
  7. Hiero
    Athens · -354
    explains
  8. Cyropaedia
    Athens · -354
    explains
  9. Symposium
    Athens · -354
    explains
  10. Laws
    Athens · -348
    explains
  11. Gorgias
    Athens · -348
    explains
  12. Rhetoric
    Chalcis · -335
    explains
  13. Nicomachean Ethics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  14. Eudemian Ethics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  15. Magna Moralia
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  16. Problemata
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  17. Divisiones Aristoteleae
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  18. Fragmenta varia
    Athens · -287
    explains
  19. Epistula ad Menoeceum
    Athens · -270
    redefines
  20. Ratae Sententiae
    Athens · -270
    explains
  21. Truculentus
    Rome · -186
    applies
  22. Pro M. Caelio
    Formiae · -56
    explains
  23. De Rerum Natura
    Rome · -55
    explains
  24. In L. Calpurnium Pisonem
    Formiae · -55
    explains
  25. Paradoxa Stoicorum
    Formiae · -46
    challenges
  26. de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  27. Tusculanae Disputationes
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  28. Lucullus
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  29. de Natura Deorum
    Formiae · -43
    explains
  30. Amores
    Tomis (Constanța) · -20
    explains

Key passages(20)

Fabulae [attributed] · Aesop

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

In Ethica Nicomachea Paraphrasis (Pseudepigraphum Olim A Constantino Palaeocappa confectum et olim sub auctore Heliodoro Prusensi vel Andronico Rhodio vel Olympiodoro) · Anonymi In Aristotelis Ethica Nicomachea

Very high

In Aristotelis artem rhetoricam commentarium · Anonymi in Aristotelis Artem Rhetoricam

Very high

Divisiones Aristoteleae · Pseudo-Aristotle

Very high
Very high
Very high
Very high