greek-soulfeatured in 40 works

Soul as Breath or Atoms

Pneuma — 'breath' as the stuff of the soul: for the Stoics a warm, living fire-breath; for the atomists, soul made of the finest particles.

Pneuma ('breath, spirit') is the materialist idea of the soul as a physical substance. The Stoics (3rd c. BCE) made pneuma a fiery, tensile breath that pervades and animates both the body and the whole cosmos, its tension (tonos) explaining cohesion, life, and mind. Medical writers — the Hippocratics, and later Galen — tied pneuma to vital function, while the Epicureans instead held the soul to be ultra-fine atoms. From this root, the word for soul-as-breath went on to carry enormous weight in Hellenistic medicine and in religious thought.

How it traveled

Problemata
Chalcis · -322
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De spiritu
Chalcis · -322
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De Rerum Natura
Rome · -55
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Quaestiones Convivales
Chaeronea · 120
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De Defectu Oraculorum
Chaeronea · 120
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Ad Se Ipsum
Vindobona (Vienna) · 170
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Pyrrhoniae Hypotyposes
Alexandria · 210
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Vitae philosophorum
— · 240
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Zohar
Guadalajara · 1280
Avodat HaKodesh (Ibn Gabbai)
Cairo · 1523
Pardes Rimmonim
Tzfat · 1548
Ketem Paz on Zohar
Tzfat · 1561
Reshit Chokhmah
Tzfat · 1575
Ohr HaChammah on Zohar
Tzfat · 1620
Mikdash Melekh on Zohar
Tzfat · 1750
Likutei Moharan
Breslov (Ukraine) · 1802
Maor VaShemesh
Krakow (Cracow) · 1817
Likutei Halakhot
Breslov (Ukraine) · 1840
BePardes HaChasidut VeHakabbalah
Warsaw · 1910
Sulam on Zohar
Jerusalem · 1945
Fragmenta Logica et Physica
Athens
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Catena In Epistulam Ad Romanos (Typus Monacensis) (E Cod. Monac. gr. 412)
—
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Placita Philosophorum
—
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Refutatio Omnium Haeresium (= Philosophumena)
—
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Praeparatio Evangelica
—
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Fragmenta
—
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Commentarii In Evangelium Joannis
—
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De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis
Rome
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Ancoratus
—
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De Anima
—
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The Shepherd of Hermas
—
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De spiritu
—
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Stromata
—
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Legum Allegoriarum Libri I-III
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Oratio ad Graecos
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De Somniis (lib. i-ii)
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Pneumatica
Alexandria
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Fragmenta In Evangelium Joannis (In Catenis)
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Contra Celsum
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De febribus [Sp.]
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Key passages(20)

Adamantius Judaeus, Physiognomonica 2.41↗explains

Physiognomonica · Adamantius Judaeus